Nigeria’s $9 Billion Derivatives Hit: CBN Cleans House, Markets Watch Closely


 

According to a Bloomberg report, Nigeria’s central bank has swallowed a staggering $9 billion loss in 2024 after settling long-standing derivatives contracts, part of a major effort to clean up the country’s foreign reserves and regain market credibility.

What Happened?

According to the Central Bank of Nigeria’s audited financial statements, released last Friday and cited by Bloomberg, the losses stem from clearing “legacy” foreign exchange forward contracts.

  • Total Loss: ₦13.9 trillion (~$9 billion)
  • Compared to 2023: ₦6.3 trillion
  • Purpose: Settle overdue derivatives and reduce off-balance sheet liabilities

CBN Governor Yemi Cardoso had earlier confirmed Nigeria had over $7 billion in unsettled FX obligations. By cleaning them up, the apex bank is aiming for transparency and investor reassurance.

Impact on Foreign Reserves

According to CBN reserve data, gross external reserves rose to $37.9 billion as of April 30, their highest level in nearly a month, despite the massive write-down.

Analysts believe this signals a shift toward credibility in Nigeria’s FX position and books.

Why It Matters

Nigeria has long struggled with opaque forex management and delayed settlements, which scared off foreign investors, distorted parallel market pricing, and strained business operations.

By clearing the backlog even at a high cost CBN is:

  • Owning up to past liabilities
  • Reducing FX uncertainty
  • Signaling commitment to reforms

Financial Juggernut’s Take:

Yes, $9 billion is massive. But Nigeria’s economic credibility has a price and this may be it.

The key now is consistency:

  • Keep FX rates market-reflective
  • Build reserve buffers sustainably
  • Prevent new legacy liabilities from forming

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